排氣前要注意先預封,以(yi)預防湯汁、內容(rong)物溢出罐外;冷(leng)凝水滴(di)入罐內;保持頂隙溫度。主(zhu)要的排氣方法有以(yi)下三(san)種(zhong)。
加熱(re)(re)(re)排(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi):主要通過沸水或蒸(zheng)汽加熱(re)(re)(re)未封或預封的實罐(guan)(guan)(guan),使罐(guan)(guan)(guan)內食品受熱(re)(re)(re)膨脹,將其中滯(zhi)留和溶解的氣(qi)(qi)體排(pai)(pai)出罐(guan)(guan)(guan)外,并使熱(re)(re)(re)整齊充滿頂隙(xi),然(ran)后趁熱(re)(re)(re)封罐(guan)(guan)(guan),經殺菌、冷卻后,由(you)于(yu)內容(rong)物收(shou)縮和罐(guan)(guan)(guan)內水氣(qi)(qi)凝結,可(ke)形成真空度(du)(200-300mmHg)。通常加熱(re)(re)(re)排(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)排(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)箱內蒸(zheng)汽溫度(du)為80-95℃,時間7-15分鐘,要求罐(guan)(guan)(guan)頭中間溫度(du)達到75-85℃。加熱(re)(re)(re)排(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)發(fa)的較大優點是(shi)可(ke)以給(gei)予罐(guan)(guan)(guan)頭一定(ding)高的初溫。
機械抽空(kong):即真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)封罐(guan)(guan)。一般(ban)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)封罐(guan)(guan)機抽空(kong)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度都在650mmHg(對應(ying)沸點為(wei)54℃)以下。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)封罐(guan)(guan)時(shi),應(ying)注(zhu)意真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度與溫(wen)度間的(de)關系,如真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度為(wei)550mmHg,溫(wen)度不宜超過57℃,以免(mian)罐(guan)(guan)液瞬間沸騰外溢,導(dao)致罐(guan)(guan)頭凈(jing)重(zhong)不足,且罐(guan)(guan)液不能覆蓋固形(xing)物(wu)。抽空(kong)后維持真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度350-500mmHg。
蒸汽噴(pen)射(she)排氣:蒸汽噴(pen)射(she)密封(feng)后(hou)(hou)的真(zhen)空度與頂(ding)隙(xi)大(da)小(xiao)關(guan)系較大(da),如頂(ding)隙(xi)小(xiao),則密封(feng)后(hou)(hou)不(bu)能形成真(zhen)空度。如冷(leng)番茄醬罐頭,頂(ding)隙(xi)從6.35至12.7mm變(bian)化時,真(zhen)空度急劇變(bian)大(da)(經(jing)驗(yan)方法是保留8mm頂(ding)隙(xi))。蒸汽噴(pen)射(she)排氣不(bu)適合那(nei)些空氣含量高的食品,如蘋果、桃等。